Original source: Aptos
Compilation: “BlockBeats” 0x711&wzp
Aptos officially released the v1.0 white paper “Security, Scalable and Upgradable Web3 Infrastructure” recently. The white paper explains the design concept and many technological innovations of the protocol using the Move language. In addition, the official introduction to the innovation of the Aptos network on the community platform was organized and translated by BlockBeats as follows:
vision
Aptos is designed to drive the development of blockchain security, high performance and scalability. Aptos network design follows a human-centred focus on global accessibility and usability.
Move Language The Move programming language is inspired by Rust and is designed for smart contract development. Combining simplicity with security, Move changes the rules for building Web3.
The Aptos blockchain is natively integrated and uses the Move language to enable fast and secure transaction activity. The Move prover is a formal validator for smart contracts written in Move, providing additional guarantees for contract constants and operation.
Aptos makes it easy for developers to build apps that are ready to serve their users with more than three years of testing and hardening, best-in-class Move code deployment. Some features such as tables and fine-grained storage can efficiently support large datasets (e.g. millions of NFTs).
Safety
Web3 networks must be secure, accessible, and suitable for existing use cases to be widely adopted. Aptos is built with science-based security measures to help deter fraud in the industry and ensure the security users need.
Aptos blockchain has an original flexible key management function, and key-related operations are completely transparent. And without the need for complex infrastructure, simplifying wallet tools for managing large numbers of keys.
Transaction pre-execution displays the result of a signed transaction before the user signs it. Other features include transaction replay protection, move-based key management, and re-signing transaction transparency for a more secure user experience.
Occasionally, users may inadvertently sign transactions. To reduce this risk, Aptos limits the viability of each transaction and protects signers from infinite validity. There are triple protections, sender’s seq#, transaction deadline and chain id.
performance
Aptos can achieve near-ideal throughput and hardware efficiency through parallel, batch-optimized, and modular transaction processing channels.
To achieve high throughput and low latency, Aptos employs a channel and modular approach at key stages of transaction processing. This makes full use of all available external resources, improves hardware efficiency, and enables a high degree of parallelism.
The life cycle of transaction processing is shown in the following diagram: all stages are completely independent and can be parallelized individually.
Block-STM
This is a new parallel execution engine for smart contracts, built on Software Transactional Memory (STM) and optimistic parallel control.
Unlike parallel execution engines that pre-identify the data to be read/written and break transaction atomicity, Block-STM enables developers to code without constraints and achieve higher throughput and lower throughput for real-world use cases. Delay.
state synchronization
Aptos is designed to provide a high-throughput, low-latency network for the individual needs of all participants. Through a flexible and configurable state synchronization method, Aptos adapts to changing user needs and provides new efficient synchronization strategies.
Full nodes can process all transactions since the genesis block. Users can also choose to skip blockchain history entirely and use waypoints to sync only the latest blockchain state. Additionally, Aptos supports low-resource full nodes that only replay state changes without executing transactions.
Light clients can sync parts of the blockchain state, such as specific account or data values, and are eligible to read verified state, such as verified account balances using BFT timestamps.
Upgradability
Aptos is designed to be flexible, continuously support new use cases, and keep up with technological advancements. Upgradability and configurability are the first design principles of Aptos to ensure that the Aptos infrastructure can adapt to new use cases and new technologies in the future.
The Aptos blockchain encodes its configuration on-chain. Each validator can sync with the current state of the blockchain and automatically select the correct configuration (e.g. consensus protocol and Aptos framework version) based on current on-chain values.
Frequent updates as a core feature allow for seamless upgrades without disrupting users. The infrastructure steps into the background, allowing developers to focus on building and allowing users to enjoy a smooth experience.
A move to try to scale further: Its modular design and parallel execution engine support internal sharding of validators, while homogeneous state sharding offers node operators the potential for horizontal throughput scalability without additional complexity.
With these innovations and community support, Aptos provides developers with a world-class Move development experience and a secure, fast, and high-performance blockchain infrastructure that supports next-generation Web3 applications.
